AB 1756-PSCA2

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 1.4 冗余設(shè)計和降級操作設(shè)計

    1) 對可靠性要求較高的應(yīng)用場合，冗余設(shè)計和降級操作是必要的。冗余設(shè)計可采用熱后備或冷后備方式。熱后備方式操作時，冗余的后備系統(tǒng)也同時運行，兩者輸出的結(jié)果一致時，表示系統(tǒng)是正常運行的；一旦結(jié)果不一致，則發(fā)出警報信號，同時，根據(jù)自診斷的結(jié)果，切換到正常的系統(tǒng)去。冷后備方式操作時，冷后備系統(tǒng)不運行，它在自診斷檢測出運行系統(tǒng)故障后才切入后備系統(tǒng)。對PLC來說，冗余系統(tǒng)的范圍主要是CPU、存儲單元、電源系統(tǒng)和通信系統(tǒng)，只有在可靠性要求很高時，才會包括輸入輸出單元的冗余等。

    2) 降級操作是指在設(shè)計時，將手動操作包括在內(nèi)的設(shè)計。例如，緊急停車的設(shè)計，關(guān)鍵設(shè)備的開停和再啟動功能的設(shè)計等。這樣，一旦發(fā)生故障，可采用降級的操作，即對部分或全部設(shè)備進行手動的開停操作，以避免設(shè)備的損壞或?qū)θ藛T的傷害。此外，在設(shè)計中也可考慮從全自動到半自動、直至手動的操作等。

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